Cyclic AMP cascade mediates the inhibitory odor response of isolated toad olfactory receptor neurons

Abstract

Odor stimulation may excite or inhibit olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). It is well established that the excitatory response involves a cyclic AMP (cAMP) transduction mechanism that activates a nonselective cationic cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) conductance, accompanied by the activation of a Ca2+-dependent Cl- conductance, both causing a depolarizing receptor potential. In contrast, odor inhibition is attributed to a hyperpolarizing receptor potential. It has been proposed that a Ca2+-dependent K+ (K-Ca) conductance plays a key role in odor inhibition, both in toad and rat isolated olfactory neurons. The mechanism underlying odor inhibition has remained elusive. We assessed its study using various pharmacological agents and caged compounds for cAMP, Ca2+, and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (InsP 3) on isolated toad ORNs. The odor-triggered K-Ca current was reduced on exposing the cell either to the CNG channel blocker LY83583 (20 mu M) or to the adenylyl cyclase inhibitor SQ22536 (100 mu M). Photorelease of caged Ca2+ activated a Cl- current sensitive to niflumic acid (10 mu M) and a K+ current blockable by charybdotoxin (20 nM) and iberiotoxin (20 nM). In contrast, photoreleased Ca2+ had no effect on cells missing their cilia, indicating that these conductances are confined to the cilia. Photorelease of cAMP induced a charybdotoxin-sensitive K+ current in intact ORNs. Photorelease of InsP 3 did not increase the membrane conductance of olfactory neurons, arguing against a direct role of InsP 3 in chemotransduction. We conclude that a cAMP cascade mediates the activation of the ciliary Ca2+-dependent K+ current and that the Ca2+ ions that activate the inhibitory current enter the cilia through CNG channels.