Partial Evaluation of Autochthonous Probiotic Potential of the Gut Microbiota ofSeriola lalandi

Abstract

Seriola lalandiis an economically important species that is globally distributed in temperate and subtropical marine waters. Aquaculture production of this species has had problems associated with intensive fish farming, such as disease outbreaks or nutritional deficiencies causing high mortality. Intestinal microbiota are involved in many processes that benefit a host, such as disease control, stimulation of the immune response, and the promotion of nutrient metabolism. The aim of this study is to evaluate the in vitro probiotic properties of bacteria isolated from the intestinal content of wildSeriola lalandi. The probiotic potential was evaluated in terms of (i) the antimicrobial activity against vibrios causing outbreaks in farmed fish; (ii) the ability to stimulate genes related to an innate immune response in fish; and (iii) antibiotic resistance. Nineteen isolates identified asPseudomonas,Shewanella,Psychrobacter, andAcinetobactershowed antimicrobial activity and significant relative expression of cytokines, serum amyloid A protein (SAA), hepcidin, and lysozyme. A positive correlation was observed between the levels of expression and the bacterial load after 24 h of exposure.Pseudomonasisolates showed a level of antibiotic resistance. In conclusion, isolates of the generaShewanella,Psychrobacter, andAcinetobactercould serve as potential probiotics inS. lalandiculture.